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An early illustration of Jones'sCaïssa, by Domenico Maria Fratta
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- As a boy, I remember “watching” the epic chess battle between Boris Spassky and Bobby Fischer. It was aired on channel 13, the PBS station in New York, and a bell would ring, announcing the latest move. This, in turn, would be posted on the screen, after which the experts would debate the reason for.
Caïssa is a fictional (anachronistic) Thraciandryad portrayed as the goddess of chess. She was first mentioned during the Renaissance by Italian poet Hieronymus Vida.
Vida's poem[edit]
Caïssa originated in a 658-line poem called Scacchia Ludus published in 1527 by Hieronymus Vida (Marco Girolamo Vida), which describes in Latin Virgilian hexameters a chess game between Apollo and Mercury in the presence of the other gods. In it, to avoid unclassical words such as rochus (chess rook) or alfinus (chess bishop), the rooks are described as towers (armored howdahs) on elephants' backs, and the bishops as archers:
Tum geminae velut extremis in cornibus arces
hinc atque hinc altis stant propugnacula muris,
quae dorso immanes gestant in bella Elephanti.
'Then twin, as if at the ends, citadels in the corners,
here and here stand ramparts with high walls,
which are carried into war on the back by immense elephants.'
hinc atque hinc altis stant propugnacula muris,
quae dorso immanes gestant in bella Elephanti.
'Then twin, as if at the ends, citadels in the corners,
here and here stand ramparts with high walls,
which are carried into war on the back by immense elephants.'
A leaked unauthorized 742-line draft version was published in 1525. Its text is very different, and in it Caïssa is called Scacchia, the chess rook is a cyclops, and the chess bishop is a centaur archer.
This led to the modern name 'castle' for the chess rook, and thus the term 'castling', and the modern shape of the European rook chesspiece. Also for a time, some chess players in Europe called the rook 'elephant' and the bishop 'archer'. In German, Schütze ('archer') became a general word for a chess bishop until displaced by Läufer ('runner') in the 18th century.[1]
William Jones's poem[edit]
The young English orientalist William Jones re-used the idea of a chess poem in 1763, in his own poem Caïssa or The Game at Chess[2] written in English heroic couplets. In his poem, Caïssa initially repels the advances of the god of war, Mars. Spurned, Mars seeks the aid of the god Euphron (Jones's invention), brother of Venus, who creates the game of chess as a gift for Mars to win Caïssa's favor.
It is an unproven assumption that Jones's name 'Caïssa' (ka-is-sa) is an equivalent to Vida's name 'Scacchia' (ska-ki-a).
The English version of Philidor's 1777 Systematic introduction to the game and the analysis of chess[3] contained Jones's poem. In 1851 the poem was translated into French by Camille Théodore Frédéric Alliey.[4]
Modern use[edit]
Caïssa is referred to in chess commentary. Bet now reviews.
- Garry Kasparov uses this reference now and again, especially in his five-volume work My Great Predecessors. It is used as a substitute for being fortunate – 'Caïssa was with me' – especially in unclear situations, for example in sacrifices.[5]
- The 1994 book The March of Chess Ideas by Anthony Saidy extensively uses Caïssa as well.
- T. R. Dawson extensively used Caïssa, both as a character to provide literary narrative to accompany his problem collections,[6] or merely as a convenient anthropomorphism of chess.[7]
- The chess variant Caïssa Britannia, created by Fergus Duniho, was named after Caïssa.
- When writing about chess, Heinrich Fraenkel used 'Assiac' - which is 'Caïssa' spelled backwards - as a pseudonym.
- Antonio Radić, a Croatian YouTuber who runs the channel 'agadmator's Chess Channel' (which is the most popular chess channel on YouTube), has created a chess based manga named 'Age of Caissa' which depicts a post apocalyptic world ruled by AI.
Caïssa as a concept has also been explored by some who seek the evidence of the sacred feminine in chess.[citation needed]
The first computer program that won the World Computer Chess Championship (in 1974) was named Kaissa. Magic box games.
The card game Android: Netrunner features a program type named Caïssa, which are modeled after chess pieces.
References[edit]
- ^Murray, H. J. R. (1913), A History of Chess, Benjamin Press (originally published by Oxford University Press), ISBN0-936317-01-9
- ^The Works of the English Poets, from Chaucer to Cowper; … edited … by Dr. Samuel Johnson … Vol. XVIII. London: … 1810.
- ^Philidor, F.A. (1777), Systematic introduction to the game and the analysis of chess (L'analyze des échecs) (Fifth ed.), London, pp. 12–20
- ^Poèmes sur le jeu des Échecs .. traduits en français par Frédéric Alliey, Magistrat. .. Paris. .. 1851.
- ^Kasparov, Garry (2003), Garry Kasparov on My Great Predecessors, Part 1 (First ed.), Everyman Chess, ISBN1-85744-330-6
- ^Dawson, Thomas Rayner (1947). Caissa's Fairy Tales. Croydon, England: Privately published by the author. pp. 31–17.
- ^Dawson, Thomas Rayner (1913-07-10). 'Caissa's Playthings'. Cheltenham Examiner. Retrieved 2013-09-21.
Bibliography
- Johnson, Samuel (1810), The works of English Poets from Chaucer to Cowper (Reprint ed.), London, p. 450
External links[edit]
- Text of Scacchia, Ludus, by Hieronymus Vida of Cremona (1559)
- Caïssa by William Jones 1763 edochess.ca/batgirl/
- Caissa's Web a selection of chess poems at members.caissa.com
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caïssa&oldid=987637682'
1. Initial SetupThe game requires a regular chess set (board and pieces) and a regular 52-card deck. The initial setup is illustrated in the figure below.
![God God](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/D9LjPB5tbZ0/maxresdefault.jpg)
Then the deck is shuffled and each player is dealt four cards, known as battle cards, and for each territory (White's half of the board and Black's half of the board) three cards, known as field cards, are placed face down on one side of the board.
We say that each player owns his half of the board (his territory): White owns lines 1-4 and Black owns lines 5-8.
Each player may at any time secretly consult his own field cards (the three field cards placed face down in his own territory).
![Who is the god of chess Who is the god of chess](https://dwellingintheword.files.wordpress.com/2016/01/1sam8-king-chess.jpg)
Starting with White and alternating turns between Black and White, each player performs the following actions on his turn. We denote the player acting on his turn as A, and the other player as B.
- A makes a move on the chess board.
- If the move is not a piece capture (pawn captures do count as piece captures), then the player may discard one of his battle cards, i.e., throw away one of his battle cards and getting dealt a new card from the deck. A's turn ends (skip next steps).
- If the move is a piece capture, then B verbally states whether or not he wants to defend in battle. If B refuses to defend, then A discards one battle card, then A's turn ends (skip next steps).
- If the move is a piece capture and B has chosen to defend (by saying anything along the lines of 'I defend', 'show me what you got' or 'the Gods are on my side so I'll see you on the battlefield'), then the following sequence applies:
- The owner of the territory where the battle is fought (i.e., where the piece being captured is located) reveals his field cards.
- A (the attacker) discards one of his battle cards.
- A chooses and declares whether he attacks high or low (whether the battle will be played as an Omaha Hi hand or as an Omaha Lo hand, respectively).
- Both players reveal their battle cards to be used as 4-card Omaha hands.
- The Chess Gods decide the outcome of the battle: two more cards are dealt face up next to the revealed field cards, and together the five field cards represent the Omaha board on which each player's hand is evaluated based on the Omaha poker rules. For the Omaha Lo variation, no minimum qualifier is required (e.g., no '8-or-better' rule).
- The winner of the Omaha hand is considered to be the winner of the battle.
- After the battle is complete:
- If A won the battle, then the piece capture is completed. Then perform Battle Cleanup (section 3), then A's turn ends.
- If B won the battle, then the piece capture fails, the two pieces involved in the capture are placed back to their original positions, and A may make a different non-capturing legal move with the same attacking piece (the piece attempting to capture B's piece), provided that such a move exists. Then perform Hero Summoning (section 4), then perform Battle Cleanup (section 3), then A's turn ends.
- If the battle was a tie, then the piece capture fails, the two pieces involved in the capture are placed back to their original positions, then perform Battle Cleanup (section 3), then it is A's turn again (move back to step 1).
The game ends when a King is captured. The player whose King is captured loses the game.
3. Battle Cleanup
After a battle is complete and the result is evaluated, all the cards in play (battle cards, field cards and discarded cards), with the exception of Hero cards (the Aces) are reshuffled back into the deck.
If a player was holding a Hero in his hand when the battle was fought and that player has lost the battle, then the Hero card he was holding is removed from the game and is never reshuffled back into the deck.
After the deck has been reshuffled, each player gets dealt battle and field cards like in the Initial Setup (section 1), with one possible exception: if any player still holds a Hero in his hand, then that player is only dealt three battle cards instead of four, and the Hero card is placed face-up in front of the player.
4. Hero Summoning
After a battle is complete, a player may gain the Hero card that is showing in the Hero deck, if all the following conditions are met:
- The player has lost the battle.
- The player did not hold a Hero card when the battle was fought.
- By replacing a battle card from the losing player's hand with the Hero card, the resulting 4-card hand would have won the battle.
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If a player gains a Hero after the battle and the Hero deck is not empty, then the next Hero card from the Hero deck is revealed face-up and is ready to be picked up in the next battle.
If the Hero deck is empty (all four Hero cards have been gained), then the game continues without any Hero cards be gained, and Hero Summoning is skipped in all the remaining battles.
5. The Undefendable Exchange Rule
When a player (denoted as player A) attempts to capture a piece (denoted as move 1a), if the other player (denoted as B) chooses not to defend the capture in battle, then any immediate recapture (denoted as move 1b) performed by B is undefendable, i.e., A cannot defend the recapture in battle.
A recapture by B is considered an 'immediate recapture' if all the following conditions are met:
- B captures the same piece that executed the capture in move 1a (i.e., A may defend if B captures a different piece).
- B executes the capture as a response to move 1a (i.e., A may defend if B captures the piece in a later move).
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After B executes the immediate recapture (i.e., the piece exchange is complete), then the Undefendable Exchange Rule is 'reset', i.e., any further capture is defendable under the normal rules.
Note: if B choose to defend in battle against the capture (move 1a), then the Undefendable Exchange Rule no longer applies (per the definition) and it is considered 'reset' regardless of the outcome of the battle.
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6. Other Changes to the Chess Rules
Norse Gods Chess Pieces
As a consequence of the battle rules from Gods Of Chess, the following alterations are made to the original game of chess:
Chess Pieces Names And Meanings
- A King may move in check (including castle into a check position).
- A King in check does not have to move away from check.
- When a player attempts to capture the enemy King, the other player must defend in battle (unless the Undefendable Exchange Rule (section 5) applies, in which case the King is captured and the game ends).
- A player may castle 'through' check.